Intake für die Datenwissenschaften#

Intake erleichtert das Laden vieler verschiedener Formate und Typen. Um einen vollständigen Überblick zu erhalten, schaut euch das Plugin Directory und das Intake Project Dashboard an. Intake überführt die Daten dann in übliche Speicherformate wie Pandas DataFrames, Numpy-Arrays oder Python-Listen. Anschließend sind sie leicht durchsuchbar und auch für verteilte Systeme zugänglich. Sollte euch ein Plugin fehlen, könnt ihr auch selbst welche estellen, wie in Making Drivers beschrieben.

Laden einer Datenquelle#

Im Folgenden werden wir zwei csv-Datensätze lesen und in einen Intake-Katalog überführen.

[1]:
import intake


ds = intake.open_csv("states_*.csv")

print(ds)
<intake.source.csv.CSVSource object at 0x7fc5575ccd50>

Mit der open_*-Funktion von Intake lassen sich verschiedenen Datenquellen einlesen. Je nach Datenformat oder Dienst lassen sich unterschiedliche Argmuente verwenden.

Konfigurieren des Suchpfades für Datenquellen#

Intake überprüft die Intake-Konfigurationsdatei nach catalog_patund die Umgebungsvariable "INTAKE_PATH" auf eine durch Doppelpunkte getrennte Liste von Pfaden bzw. Semikolon in Windows, um nach Katalogdateien zu suchen. Beim Import intake werden alle Einträge aus allen Katalogen angezeigt, auf die als Teil eines globalen Katalogs von intake.cat referenziert werden.

Daten lesen#

Intake liest Daten in Container verschiedener Formate:

  • Tabellen in Pandas DataFrames

  • Mehrdimensionale Array in Numpy Arrays

  • Semistrukturierte Daten in Python-Listen von Objekten, üblicherweise Dictionaries

Um herauszufinden, in welchem Containerformat Intake die Daten vorhält, könnt ihr das container-Attribut verwenden:

[2]:
ds.container
[2]:
'dataframe'

Neben dataframe kann das Ergebnis auch ndarray oder python sein.

[3]:
df = ds.read()

df.head()
[3]:
state slug code nickname website admission_date admission_number capital_city capital_url population population_rank constitution_url state_flag_url state_seal_url map_image_url landscape_background_url skyline_background_url twitter_url facebook_url
0 Alabama alabama AL Yellowhammer State http://www.alabama.gov 1819-12-14 22 Montgomery http://www.montgomeryal.gov 4833722 23 http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alab... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alabamagov https://www.facebook.com/alabamagov
1 Alaska alaska AK The Last Frontier http://alaska.gov 1959-01-03 49 Juneau http://www.juneau.org 735132 47 http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folioproxy.... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alas... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alaska https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaLocalGovernments
2 Arizona arizona AZ The Grand Canyon State https://az.gov 1912-02-14 48 Phoenix https://www.phoenix.gov 6626624 15 http://www.azleg.gov/Constitution.asp https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/ariz... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... NaN NaN
3 Arkansas arkansas AR The Natural State http://arkansas.gov 1836-06-15 25 Little Rock http://www.littlerock.org 2959373 32 http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/Summary... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/arka... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/arkansasgov https://www.facebook.com/Arkansas.gov
4 California california CA Golden State http://www.ca.gov 1850-09-09 31 Sacramento http://www.cityofsacramento.org 38332521 1 http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/const-toc.html https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/cali... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/cagovernment NaN
[4]:
for chunk in ds.read_chunked():
    print("Chunk: %d" % len(chunk))
Chunk: 24
Chunk: 26
[5]:
ddf = ds.to_dask()

ddf.head()
[5]:
state slug code nickname website admission_date admission_number capital_city capital_url population population_rank constitution_url state_flag_url state_seal_url map_image_url landscape_background_url skyline_background_url twitter_url facebook_url
0 Alabama alabama AL Yellowhammer State http://www.alabama.gov 1819-12-14 22 Montgomery http://www.montgomeryal.gov 4833722 23 http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alab... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alabamagov https://www.facebook.com/alabamagov
1 Alaska alaska AK The Last Frontier http://alaska.gov 1959-01-03 49 Juneau http://www.juneau.org 735132 47 http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folioproxy.... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alas... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alaska https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaLocalGovernments
2 Arizona arizona AZ The Grand Canyon State https://az.gov 1912-02-14 48 Phoenix https://www.phoenix.gov 6626624 15 http://www.azleg.gov/Constitution.asp https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/ariz... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... NaN NaN
3 Arkansas arkansas AR The Natural State http://arkansas.gov 1836-06-15 25 Little Rock http://www.littlerock.org 2959373 32 http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/Summary... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/arka... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/arkansasgov https://www.facebook.com/Arkansas.gov
4 California california CA Golden State http://www.ca.gov 1850-09-09 31 Sacramento http://www.cityofsacramento.org 38332521 1 http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/const-toc.html https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/cali... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/cagovernment NaN
[6]:
cat = intake.open_catalog("us_states.yml")
[7]:
list(cat)
[7]:
['states']
[8]:
cat.states.to_dask()[["state", "slug"]].head()
[8]:
state slug
0 Alabama alabama
1 Alaska alaska
2 Arizona arizona
3 Arkansas arkansas
4 California california
[9]:
cat.states(csv_kwargs={"header": None, "skiprows": 1}).read().head()
[9]:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0 Alabama alabama AL Yellowhammer State http://www.alabama.gov 1819-12-14 22 Montgomery http://www.montgomeryal.gov 4833722 23 http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alab... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alabamagov https://www.facebook.com/alabamagov
1 Alaska alaska AK The Last Frontier http://alaska.gov 1959-01-03 49 Juneau http://www.juneau.org 735132 47 http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folioproxy.... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ala... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/alas... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/alaska https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaLocalGovernments
2 Arizona arizona AZ The Grand Canyon State https://az.gov 1912-02-14 48 Phoenix https://www.phoenix.gov 6626624 15 http://www.azleg.gov/Constitution.asp https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ari... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/ariz... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... NaN NaN
3 Arkansas arkansas AR The Natural State http://arkansas.gov 1836-06-15 25 Little Rock http://www.littlerock.org 2959373 32 http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/Summary... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/ark... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/arka... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/arkansasgov https://www.facebook.com/Arkansas.gov
4 California california CA Golden State http://www.ca.gov 1850-09-09 31 Sacramento http://www.cityofsacramento.org 38332521 1 http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/const-toc.html https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/flags/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/seals/cal... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/maps/cali... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://cdn.civil.services/us-states/backgroun... https://twitter.com/cagovernment NaN